Дадада, хрестоносці усих продавали в рабство, а ніяк не мусліми 
Golden Age in Al-Andalus (8th–11th centuries):
In Muslim-ruled Spain, Jews often experienced a
cultural and intellectual flourishing, particularly under the Umayyad Caliphate.
They held prominent roles as scholars, physicians, and merchants.
Figures like Maimonides thrived in this environment, though his later life saw challenges due to Almohad intolerance.
In the Ottoman Empire (15th–19th centuries), Jews often found refuge after expulsion from Spain (1492).
They thrived in cities like Istanbul and Salonika, with relative autonomy in their millet communities.
However, social restrictions and occasional violence persisted.
Medieval Europe:
Jews in Christian Europe faced significant challenges, including
periodic expulsions (e.g., England 1290, France 1306, Spain 1492), blood libels, and
pogroms, especially during the Crusades (e.g., Rhineland massacres, 1096).
They were often barred from owning land and restricted to roles like money-lending, which fueled antisemitic stereotypes.
Ghettoization:
By the late Middle Ages, Jews in cities like Venice (1516) were
confined to ghettos, limiting their social and economic mobility.
Legal protections were inconsistent, often depending on the whims of local rulers.
Enlightenment and Beyond:
Conditions improved
in some Christian regions with the Enlightenment (18th–19th centuries), particularly in Western Europe.
Emancipation in places like France (1791) and the Netherlands granted Jews citizenship, though social antisemitism
persisted.
In Eastern Europe, however,
pogroms (e.g., in Russia, 1881–1906) and restrictive laws like the Pale of Settlement created harsh conditions.
Grok, Wiki
А саме вразливе - опіумні війни, які фінансував ж2 Sassoon family who were a wealthy Baghdadi Jewish dynasty,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassoon_familyНе куйово ж2 жилось в центрі іслама - Багдад
Що таке Judenrat - написав відомий ізраїльський історик Ілан Паппе
The Biggest Prison on Earth
A History of Gaza and the Occupied Territories
https://www.perlego.com/sign-up
